Baker v. Carr essays

Baker v. Carr essays Except for, arguably, Brown v. Board of Education, Baker v. Carr (1962) ...was one of the U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren's most important decisions. (http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=B005). The landmark ruling put into effect what has become known to be the one man, one vote standard. The case originated out of the state of Tennessee. The state had reapportioned its legislative districts in 1901, but the state legislature did not reapportion those legislative districts for the next 60 years. In most states during that elapse of time, the rural areas of the country lost population to the cities as a more agrarian way of life in the country gave way to industry, and more people moved from farms into the cities due to the economic pressures of trying to make better money. As a result, urban areas such as Memphis, Nashville, Knoxville, and Chattanooga grew in size while rural counties such as Smith, Chester, and other rural counties in Tennessee did not see nearly the same level of growth. The result of that 60 years in which Tennessee did not reapportion its legislative districts was that the weight of a vote of a person living in a rural area carried more weight than the vote of a person living in an urban area. State Representatives and state Senators in urban areas, for example, represented more people than did state Representatives and state Senators in rural areas. The population ratio between urban and rural districts was 19:1, yet their representation in the legislature was the same. (http://writ.news.findlaw.com/lazarus/20051209.html). Also, Justice Douglas, concurring, wrote, We are told that a single vote in Moore County, Tennessee, is worth 19 votes in Hamilton County... (Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186; 82 S. Ct. 691; 7 L. Ed. 2d 663 (1962). Five urban areas decided to file suit, arguing that the lack of reapport...

Work Place Rewards

Work Place Rewards Introduction Organizations and companies experience a lot of challenges in attracting and retaining quality productive work force. They are faced with the problem of wanting to maintain and to make their employees satisfied to tap their optimum productivity and their ideas while at the same time make them creative and satisfied while keeping them motivated and satisfied.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Work Place Rewards specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations have been widely studied and there has been an understanding that they can bring change in organizations. There are various forms of motivation techniques that are employed by companies like motivational salary and fewer hours of working. Other factors such as strong communication in the organization, recognition, added responsibility and achievement are also factors that can motivate employees (Reeve, 2009). Workplace environment i mpacts on the engagement, productivity, and morale of employees positively and negatively. In the modern work environment, companies cannot afford to waste their potential workforce. The primary factors in the workplace that can impact on the performance and the productivity of the employees are rewards and motivation. These affect the productivity, morale and engagement. In order to motivate employees, various companies have implemented several practices like performance-based employment and salary increase as the primary incentives. The workplace factors that affect performance are illustrated in the following diagram. (Oyedele, 2011)Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Assessment of a department according to goal setting, performance evaluation and reward My analysis of my company or organization will be focused on the sales department: sales department and its sta ff are mainly responsible for the public relations of the company, customer services, client relationship as well as sales and promotion of the company. Working in the sales department requires candidates who are highly skilled, particularly in the areas of communication, understanding of various concepts and ability of an individual to interact and network. It also demands for enthusiasm and sales and marketing skills. The organization utilizes the one-on-one oriented reward system whereby the manager rewards a person or individual team member for achieving the sales target. Other reward incentives for the company are the rewarding of the sales team of the month which serves to motivate employees who work well as a team and who realize their sales target. In the organization, goals are set by individuals as opposed to the team members’ or the team leaders. The goals set should be operational, realistic and applicable. Individual sales members can collaborate and decide on th e relevant goals that are appropriate for their work function. The organization’s reward system is effective but there is a problem of enforcing the rules and the regulation that are needed in the promotion of prosperity and reward system. The managers in the organization should move beyond the reward system and reinforcement, and instead they should find out as what can intrinsically motivate employees. Extrinsic rewards are an indication that personal gain is imminent and the situations taken are considered to be a turn for the better (Reeve, 2009). Major tasks of the department of the job: does it cultivate intrinsic motivation Motivation is a process that can arouse, energize, stimulate and sustain a behavior as well as performance. It is considered as a way of stimulating people to action and work towards the realization of a particular goal. Effective motivation is the best way of stimulating people, and money is considered to be an unmatched motivator together with oth er incentives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Work Place Rewards specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the greatest aspects of intrinsic rewards is job satisfaction and if an individual is not satisfied with his job then the performance will drop and get affected hence damaging and impacting negatively on-the-job performance of the team and the organization. Praise and recognition are given to an employee for any task or job that is well and positively done, but it should be noted that the existence of an autonomy and responsibility is a form of extrinsic motivation and reward. Consequently, individual development both at the career and personal levels is considered to be a form of intrinsic reward (Reeve, 2009). Employees engage in certain behaviors in order to receive rewards and people expect rewards when they take part in a particular behavior; when people expect rewards, then it undermines their intrinsic mo tivation but unexpected rewards do not undermine intrinsic motivation. Rewards have the ability to interfere with the quality of performance, but it can affect the flexibility of the work since when rewards are stopped, the employees quit after attaining the criterion. Incentives, rewards and consequences have benefits but extrinsic rewards do not have any impact or facilitating effect. Intrinsic motivation has the effect of making uninteresting task interesting. When the employees are motivated, they get to have a conceptual understanding of what they are expected to do, this is because intrinsic motivation enhances flexibility in the thinking of the employees. When employees are extrinsically motivated they get to learn how to integrate information in a flexible and conceptual manner (Reeve, 2009). There is the believe that intrinsic motivators have a high psychological cost and impact in terms of intrinsic motivation, process of learning, self-regulation and quality of learning. Motivation in the workplace may be realized by maintaining a strong reward system. Every individual or employee demands a particular degree of motivation in order to perform their tasks in the workplace environment.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Absence of motivation makes procrastination worse and reduces employee morale, and it might cause conflict. Motivation enables workers to work efficiently and productively (Grant Shin, 2011). The company-wide rewards like bonus or profit sharing, praise or recognition Motivation is a necessity in life situation, in a workplace; motivation plays a critical role in leadership performance and success. Salary and promotion have been considered as the main two ways of motivating employees. Employees also get motivated when they are treated well. Loyalty and recognition are the key element in the motivation of workers in order to motivate productivity. Employees are also motivated through praise. Motivation is a psychological process, and it is therefore, an important element of behavior, and it can be used to predict or regulate or model a behavior (Reeve, 2009). Rewards are portrayed to have direct relationships and ability to attract, retain and motivate employees. Employee behavior s hould be reflected in work satisfaction and performance (Grant Shin, 2011). Praise functions as an extrinsic event that has the effect to motivate and motivate individual behavior and serve to inform the competence about a job well done. Any supervisor who uses praise to communicate to its workers and congratulate the employees for a job well done will act as a motivator. Praise can be communicated in a controlled manner and will have the effect of tagging a tone of pressure among the employees. Praise itself does not have a motivational effect, but it is the way it is administered that brings the motivational effect (Reeve, 2009). Bonus can instigate good performance. Employees are provided with bonus when they exceed expectations in order to motivate them to work higher (Oyedele, 2011). The very tangible way where the employers can motivate their employees is through the institutionalizing of the incentive and reward system. These serve to pay performance. Monetary incentives are considered the best by managers since it reinforces performance and good ideas. With the incentives system, the employees can record high levels of performance and job satisfaction. Bonuses, for example, are made under the system and basis of employee output (Oyedele, 2011). Using goals: what goals are set, how they are set and how effective can they be Goals and the setting of goals is a very important task for the organization. People with goals outshine those without goals, and people perform better when they have goals that motivate them. There is always a need for goal specificity, which should guide the performer about what he intents to do. Vague goals are irrelevant and there is a need to specify the goal in good and realistic numerical time frames. Goals should be specific because they draw attention to what needs to be done and at what time, it also helps in reducing the ambiguity in thought and the variability in employee performance. Goals are necessary because they inf orm the performer on what to do specifically and where and when to concentrate. Goals are fundamental because they enable an individual to revise an already tested strategy through undertaking and creating an improved strategy. Goals motivate as well as increasing the ability and capability of the individual (Reeve, 2009). Goal setting translates into an effective and increased performance based on the context of feedback; they enable the individual to keep track on what is happening and their progress towards the set goals. For an employee to perform better there is a need for feedback and a goal that will enable him to maximize performance. Goal acceptance is a critical variable in the setting of goals, and it is undertaken in the context of interpersonal relationships where individual attempts to provide others to the goal. Goals improve performance only once they are internalized. Workplace leaders, for example, improve the capability of their employees by providing or drafting a compelling vision for the company’ future. Goals can be realized when there are incentives or rewards that are extrinsic. Incentives like money, scholarship and public recognition have the power to influence the witness by assigning measurable goals. Goals can be short-term or long term. The following are necessary considerations in the setting of goals: identify the goals to be established or accomplished and define goal difficulty. One main aim of attaining objectives is to establishing goals or goal setting. Effective goal setting entails the following sequential procedure (Reeve, 2009). Mental simulation is not fantasies for success or wishful thinking. There is a difference between goal content and the process of attaining the goal. Mental simulation focuses on the production of goal-oriented action. For any goal to be accomplished, a lot of time must be spent in planning how to attain them since planning is an integral part of a goal-oriented performance. Several peop le fail to realize their goals because they do not establish the specific action plans on how to attain the goals, they also fail to specify on when to initiate the goal-oriented action as well as failing to specify how they can ensure their goal-oriented persistence in face and times of interruptions and disruptions. Goals that are set should be implementable and there should be an implementation intention before they are established or set in order to bring them into fruition. There are goal setting and goal striving strategies and sequences that should be followed, the sequences in the realization of goal setting are: specifying the objectives, defining the difficulty, clarifying the goal specificity and specifying the time frame. The steps on goal striving strategies are: check on the acceptance of the goal, discuss the goal, attainment strategies, create the implementation intentions and provide the performance feedback. Regular tracking of goals provides an opportunity for imm ediate feedback and enables the workers to make adjustments in the performance plans and to tackle any emerging obstacles (Oyedele, 2011). Conclusion The performance of the employees is related to the degree of their motivation, and this has led to various employees’ management methods like the Gantt’s task and bonus wage. Motivation acts as a catalyst that can spur the eagerness of en employee to work. Motivation can be positive or negative. Motivation can be effective to an employee or to a group of employees. It should be understood that work motivation is psychological, and it only serves to direct, to energize and to maintain action-oriented job, task or project. Reward system should be designed in a manner that can be in conformity with the strategies of a company in question. A rewarded behavior is prone to be repeated. References Grant, A. M., Shin, J. (2011). Work motivation: Directing, energizing, and maintaining effort (and research). Forthcoming in R. M. R yan (Ed.), Oxford handbook of motivation. London, UK: Oxford University Press. Oyedele, O. (2011). How Managers can motivate their Employees. Science Topics. Web. Reeve, J. (2009). Understanding motivation and emotion. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.

Legalization Of Marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Legalization Of Marijuana - Essay Example As you know, we are living in a world in which legalization of physician assisted suicide or mercy killing is gaining grounds. In other words, current people are more interested in getting rid of a painful life. If marijuana can help the patients in avoiding pain, then the people should be allowed to use it in order to prevent them from opting for mercy killing. Too many people in America are leading a painful life because of cancer like severe diseases. Such people are continuing their life in a no hope condition. If we legalize marijuana use in America, such people will be benefitted immensely. It should be noted that marijuana use is legalized in some of the states in America at present. The doctors are prescribing marijuana as a medicine in such states. At the same time many other states in America are still not allowing the patients to use marijuana. Being a federal republic, America should have a unique law in this case. Rebecca Roth (2008) has mentioned that â€Å"to date, ma rijuana is still classified as an illegal Schedule 1 drug by the Controlled Substances Act. It is defined as having "no accepted medical use in treatment in the United States" (Roth, 2008). American Federal courts are still treating marijuana use as a crime even if it is used by the patients to get rid of the pain. Mr President, it is really illogical to prevent the patients from using marijuana and putting them in painful darkness. The major argument against the legalization of marijuana use is the possibility of side effects it can generate later in the user’s life. It is illogical to argue like that. It should be noted that smoking is injurious to health; still there is no legal restrictions upon the smokers. Moreover, it is proved that alcohol use also can create problems in a person’s life later. However, majority of the Americans are using alcoholic drinks. Under

Hca Hospital Corporation of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hca Hospital Corporation of America - Essay Example Indirect competition from companies that produce cheaper substitutes also encourages the business to grow otherwise it will be pushed out of the market. The desire by organisations to enjoy economies of scale in terms of management, purchases, production, marketing among other forces them to expand which guarantees them saving due to bulk purchase of materials, spreading of overheads, higher bargaining power and expert management (Kazanjian & Drazin, 2009). Increase in demand for the products that a company manufactures also contributes to the motivation of a firm to grow in order to meet the growing demand for its products and services. Prestige and power that comes with managing big firms may also motivate the management to expand their organisations (Kumar, 2010). In addition, government policy in some countries, especially the planned economies requires business to operate under certain rules and regulations. Businesses may grow in order for them to meet these regulations and enj oy the quotas, subsidies and incentives that the government gives to businesses. With the controversies that have surrounded Hospital Corporation of America (HCA), the company need to review its growth strategies to ensure it redeems its image and to put it in a constant path of growth. In coming up with the most effective strategies for growth, the company need to consider and follow the following steps. First, the company should plan about its growth strategies in order to for them to focus on meeting the customers’ needs and showing the corporations ability to meet them. Health care corporation of America manages a number of hospitals and medical centres in unites states and in united kingdom which provide general and specialised medical services to its clients. In planning, the hospital should put into consideration the various specific needs of the clients and employees in the countries and in different departments. The plan should be client focussed clearly detailing th e goals, strategies, and tactics that will be used and a specific timeline within which the goals will be achieved. The timeline should set aside time for training and mentoring employees to the organisational culture and best practises in the field of health care. The plan should also include the methods that the company intend to use in training, coaching and measuring the progress of the employees. Including staff in coming up with a strategy by allowing their input at the appropriate level will enable the management to obtain their commitment and accountability to the organisation. The employees should be engaged in customer-focussed tactics that will ensure the corporation attracts new customers and retains the old ones. Role playing and scripting among employees will also be important, as it will give the employees a chance to test their newly learned skills. The corporation should provide mentorship programs by pairing new employees with old experienced employees. As a way of boosting morale among employees, the corporation should adopt some measuring and rewarding mechanisms in its growth strategy. Compensation and reward programs, staff development and training should be aligned with activities and results of staff involved in improving customer experience in the corporation; this will be to boost the morale of the staff to offer their best to

Recruitment and Selection Essay Example for Free

Recruitment and Selection Essay 1.0 Attracting and Recruiting Tesco The priority for Tesco is to recruit internally; potential applicants are scouted with their Talent Plan to fill a vacancy. Employees looking for a promotion are targeted first, if there are no compatible people in the Talent Plan or developing within the businesses internal management program then Tesco will advertise the vacancy internally on its staff website for two weeks. Benefits †¢An incentive for employees to work hard therefore rewards good employees. †¢Cost Effective due to not having to advertise externally in expensive mediums e. g. magazines, newspapers etc. †¢The business is already familiar with the skills and capability of the candidates. †¢Motivation can occur as it provides an increase in employee empowerment. †¢Shorter introduction period needed as the candidate is already familiar with the operations and activities of the business. (hrcap.com) Disadvantages †¢Limited applicants given that you are only able to choose from the pool within the business. †¢Lack of new ideas and perspectives introduced externally as people on the outside may have different experiences from business that they have work for in the past and innovative ideas. †¢May cause conflict between potential candidates and resentment from those not promoted or not given the opportunity. †¢As the employee(s) gets promoted this creates another vacancy. (tutor2u.net) McDonald’s Every restaurant franchise is responsible for filling hourly-paid positions this is empowered through McDonalds recruitment policy. The management recruitment department generally advertises the position in the restaurant for recruiting hourly paid employees. However, there are other method that they use such as job centers, careers fairs and other local facilities. Benefits †¢People on the outside can bring in new ideas and perfective that can aid innovation and improve productivity. †¢Larger pool of potential applicants from which to find the best candidate. †¢May reduce training expenses by as experienced candidates can be employed. †¢Diversifies the business, helps company’s aims of meeting their diversity requirements. †¢Does not create conflict between employees. (blurtit.com) Disadvantages †¢Longer process due the need to attract externally. †¢More costly from the requirement of interviewing and advertising. †¢Could cause morale problems as internal candidates are not given the opportunity for a promotion. †¢Requires longer orientation or introduction period. †¢Selection process may not be effective to reveal the best candidate. (Aswathappa, K. 2005) 2.0 HR Planning A systematic process for identifying the human resources required to meet organisational goals and developing strategies to meet those requirements. It defines the activities necessary to have the right people with the right skills in the right place at the right time. (cs.ny.gov) Tesco Given that Tescos is putting emphasis on growth, the company needs to recruit regularly to keep up with the demands of the business and its operations for both food and non-food parts of the business. The process runs annually from end of February. Quarterly reviews in May, August and November are used to assess current staffing levels and whether recruitment is needed. McDonalds McDonalds labor turnover is usually high due to the most of them being in education (varies from differing franchises) hence HR planning is a monthly process that requires the assessment of staff that are leaving and therefore the need to evaluate whether recruiting new staff is needed. Advantages †¢The company anticipates future needs of the organisation and evaluates whether appropriate action is needed in effect preventing potential problems before they arise which ultimately increases the overall efficiency of the business good workforce planning is a source of competitive advantage. (ehow.com) †¢HR planning takes a proactive approach in ensuring that the corporate objective is met by aiding the businesss operations. Therefore it allows managers to prepare and plan for changes rather than reacting to changes as they come. Hence HR planning is a good strategic decision making tool. (tutor2u.net) †¢Businesses that are in market with high external changes e.g. Mobile Phone market technology. The business can better react work force implications such as employing someone that have a particular set of skills to match the competition. (datapole.hubpages.com) Potential issues †¢Implementing the decisions made from the HR plan may be difficult due to cost. Most of the decisions made from the HR planning have cost implications e.g. new training, extra recruitment, and redundancies. The cost need to be evaluated relative to the corporate objective and whether the decision aids in meeting the objective(s). (tutor2u.net) 3.0 Equality Act 2010 The Equality Act 2010 is the law which bans unfair treatment and helps achieve equal opportunities in the workplace and in wider society. (homeoffice.gov.uk) The human resource department is responsible for implementing the act given that the act is aimed at recruitment and the selection process and the working environment. Tesco enforces this act in the recruitment process by not including questions about religion, sexual orientation and age on the application form. Tesco has implemented a diversity strategy, Tesco’s aim to employ people from disabled or disadvantaged groups. Tesco offers an interview guarantee to candidates from Remploy, Shaw Trust and Whizz-Kidz three organisations that work with disabled people. McDonalds believes success is due to the experiences and the quality of their employees. Their aim is to develop employees’ talents, whilst nurturing their differences. To ensure equality and diversity McDonalds implements policies and monitors and reviews them regularly to maintain their effectiveness. For an example in application form there are not questions regarding age, sex or race. Through Diversity Awareness Training, Managers Guide Training, the Employee Handbook, managers will make certain every employees are trained and made aware of their responsibilities under the equality and diversity policies. Moreover, employees have an option on joining internal programs and employee business networks that serve to provide a sense of community in a diverse work place such networks include: Hispanic Employee Network, McDonald’s African American Council, and McDonald’s Gay Lesbian Allies Network. Moreover, they provide information, education, and advice for both the employees and the company. Benefits †¢Creates a good image an ethical corporate image. †¢Attracts and retain talent from the widest range and best possible pool of potential candidates for the vacancy. Feeling included and appreciated increases loyalty and feeling of belonging therefore reducing absenteeism and labor turnover, ultimately saving on recruitment expenses. †¢Creates a more respectable and safer work environment and culture since it is illegal to bully or harass an employee based on sex, race, age, or disability. †¢Managing and adapting to the impact of globalisation and technological change. In effect improving knowledge of how to operate in different cultures which is extremely beneficial for businesses that operate overseas (e.g. Tesco) †¢Enables a work force to develop creativity and a variety of perspectives that can benefit problem solving due to having more solutions to choose from. Morale can increase as a result of a mixture of different age groups within the workforce. The mix of young and older people brings a broad range of knowledge, experience and social skills to the company. †¢A diverse workforce is more flexible, since it consists of a wide range of people from a different stage of the life cycle, all able to work together to deliver the best service in all circumstances which is especially important for a mass market firm such as Tesco and MacDonalds (oneworkplace.org) Disadvantages †¢Different cultures could provoke a conflict in views and opinions and negatively affect team work therefore decreasing productivity. †¢Diversity and equality policies help against preventing discrimination which can be very costly if convicted. †¢People may feel insecure or threatened to work with people of a different age, sex, or culture. An increase in training expenses could occur due costs associated with seminars, programs and lectures given to promote diversity in the corporation. These types of training are given to all levels of staff within the organization (Outtz, J.L, 2004) †¢The pressure of increasing work place diversity can bias the selection process. Hiring managers may believe that diversifying the work place to meet policies is more of a concerning matter as if they dont there is a stigma attached to it for being discriminatory and therefore putting their job at risk. Hence, increasing diversity requirements might make fail to notice more suita ble qualified applicants in favor of applicants who bring diversity (not necessarily talent) to the organization. †¢Making adjustments to accommodate diversity can be costly (e.g. installing lifts). Numerous diverse groups demands can become burdensome on employers therefore causing de-motivation. Employee requests and work constraints based on religion, national origin, gender and race can become overpowering if your workplace has so much diversity that it takes human resources staff member too much time and workload just to keep track of obliging to the needs of diverse groups in the workplace. (chron.com) (scribd.com) 4.0 Involvement of the human resource practitioner The HR practitioners play a proactive role, contributing to the formulation of corporate strategy, developing and integrating HR strategies and giving guidance on matters related to uphold legislations, policies and ethical principles. (Armstrong, M. 2010) Tescos human resource practitioner is responsible for workforce planning, the process of analysing an organisations likely future needs for people in terms of numbers, skills and locations. This planning process runs every year late February. There are quarterly reviews in May, August and November, in order for to Tesco to alter staffing levels and recruit where necessary. This permits Tesco sufficient time and flexibility to meet the businesses demands for staff and allows the company to meet its strategic objectives, such as maintain a good level of customer service or opening new stores. In terms of McDonalds each individual restaurant is responsible for filling hourly-paid positions. The HR manager is usually the general manager of the franchise. The HR manager sets policies for hiring and recruitment such as enforcing the equality act. Theyre responsible for creating job postings and advertisements when there are vacancies, they are also responsible for the contents within the application form so they must keep in mind the equality act so questions on age, race, disabilities etc. are not permitted within the application form. The manager typically decides the final candidate that is applicable for the job. 5.0 Section Methods Interview An interview is described as a conversation with a purpose†¦ most job interviews are structured with questions aim about the candidates experience, careers and qualifications (Armstrong, M. 2006 p441) This information is exchanged, with the intention of establishing the applicant’s suitability for a position. (businessdictionary.com) Strengths †¢Useful to determine if the applicant has good communication and social skills which may be required for to fill the vacancy. †¢Opportunity for candidates to ask questions – to solve any issues. †¢Enables the supervisor and current employees to evaluate if there is compatibility between the applicant and the team. †¢The candidate may reveal additional information useful for making a selection decision that he/she did not write on the application form. †¢The interviewer can explain the job in detail and assess the applicants job knowledge. †¢Opportunity to ask exploratory questions that investigates the candidates characteristics and competencies assess if they meet the job requirements. †¢Interviews to get an understanding of a candidates personality, which may be difficult to distinguish from a CV or application on paper. †¢Rich in qualitative data that is useful to analyse personality. (evalued.bcu.ac.uk) Weaknesses †¢Some applicants may feel nervous during interviews, leading them to forget key points about present them selves badly leading to a bad first impression. Therefore an interview may not be a fit for everyone only those that prefer interview hence biasing the process towards more confident people. This could undermine more qualified and experienced people as they are over shadowed by their first impression of being nervous and not confident, ultimately, this may cause the HR manager hiring the wrong person for the job. †¢Interviews rely on the interviewers own judgment and dont guarantee the best outcome as interviewer bias can distort the results. †¢Qualitative data is subjective and depends on the interpretation of the interviewer, deeming it unreliable. †¢Can lack validity due to it not being a true measure of how the candidate will perform in a work place. Moreover, it does not necessarily review competence in matching demands of the job, given that answering questions is not a valid measure of the persons ability to do the job. †¢They can be very time-consuming: setting up, interviewing, transcribing, analysing, feedback, reporting therefore, can be costly. (academic.udayton.edu) (siteresources.worldbank.org) Assessment Centers ‘A method for assessing aptitude and performance; applied to a group of participants by trained assessors using various aptitude diagnostic processes in order to obtain information about applicants abilities or development potential.’ (psychometric-success.com) Selection techniques may be combined and applied together at events referred to as assessment centers. Such events may last one to three days during which a group of applicants for a post will undertake a variety of techniques†¦ the general methods used would be group discussions, role plays and simulations, interviews and tests.† (Bratton J. and Gould J. 1999 p206) In assessment centers candidates take part in management related exercises (test). Common exercises include: Different types of Psychological tests. †¢Management games. †¢In-Basket exercises. Here, the candidate is asked to solve different management problems. †¢Group discussion (GD) about different management topics. †¢Oral presentations of management topics. †¢Good report writing, etc. (http://psychcentral.com) Advantages †¢Identify strengths and weakness of the candidate.(kevinmorrell.org.uk) †¢Multiple tests increase reliability and validity. They are deemed to be more accurate than a standard recruitment process as use a wider variety of selection methods to be used during the process. (kevinmorrell.org.uk) †¢Allow interviewers to differentiate between candidates that seem similar on paper. (Martin M. and Jackson T. 2000) †¢Gives the applicant a better insight of the skills and knowledge needed to fill the vacancy. (Martin M. and Jackson T. 2000) †¢Employers that use assessment centre build an employer brand of being professional and process that genuinely reflect the job. (getfeedback.net) †¢Enable assessors to observe and assess candidates’ behaviour in a number of different situations which provide a more comprehensive and rounded picture of the individuals concerned. (Martin M. and Jackson T. 2000) Disadvantages †¢Expensive; Barclays estimate their assessment centers cost around  £15,000 †¢Arguably the personal characteristics of a person cannot be assessed accurately within the 3 or so day they are running for. †¢Assessor bias can distort results as they may sub consciously prefer a certain characteristic. Work Sample Test Standardized measures of behavior whose primary objective is to assess the ability to do rather than the ability to know through miniature replicas of actual job requirements; also known as situational tests. (highered.mcgraw-hill.com) Advantages †¢The method provides a real life context therefore the method is high in ecological validity which makes the work sample a valid measure of the candidates competence in performing task required in the vacancy. (Van Kleef, J. et al 2007) †¢Provides the assessor a basis to test the applicant skills such as communication that are not clear on paper. (Van Kleef, J. et al 2007) †¢Due to their relationship to the job, these tests are typically viewed more favorable by examinees and candidates than aptitude or personality tests. (hr-guide.com) †¢Difficult for applicants to fake job proficiency which aids validity as the score on the test correlates to how well the applicant completes the task. (hr-guide.com) Disadvantages †¢Useful for jobs that take a short period of time. However it is a poor assessor of jobs that take a long period of time such as designing. (hr-guide.com) †¢Does not predict whether the applicant will have the motivation or personal attributes to carry out that task reliably on the job. (dpc.nsw.gov.au) †¢Denoting work behaviors into number is highly subjective, open to interpretation as well, therefore is open to assessor bias ultimately lowering validity. (dpc.nsw.gov.au)

Jackie Robinson and The Integration Of The United States Essay

Jackie Robinson: athlete, social activist, hero. These are just some of the words people use to describe Jackie. Robinson was the first person to break the color barrier in Major League Baseball, at the time officially designated a white man’s sport. The blacks and whites played in separate leagues but Branch Rickey, vice president of the Brooklyn Dodgers, wanted to integrate Major League Baseball. At this time in the 1940s the Unites States was still segregated and the Jim Crow Laws still reigned heavily in the south. Integration didn’t start until 1948 when Truman signed Executive Order 9981 which integrated the military. This didn’t occur until after Robinson took the field as the first African-American to play in the major leagues. Once Robinson started playing, whites saw that he could do anything as well as they could, which started a social revolution within the United States. If it hadn’t been for Branch Rickey trying to integrate the major league s, who knows how long it would have been before the U.S. and the major leagues started to integrate. Jackie Robinson grew up with sports all around him. Jackie’s older brother Matthew was an Olympic sprinter in the 1936 Olympics in Berlin; he came in second in the 200 meter dash behind Jesse Owens. â€Å"Matthew inspired Jackie to pursue his talent and love for athletics (Robinson)†. Jackie continued his love for sports at the University of California, Los Angeles. Robinson became the university’s first four sport letterman. He excelled in track, baseball, football and basketball. If it was not for his brother Robinson might not have continued his love for sports, thus never playing in the major leagues and the integration of the United States might have taken longer. He was easi... ...play in the major leagues and Robinson broke baseball’s color barrier and people started realizing the questionable practices of segregation wanting the United States to change and accept blacks into everyday life. Works Cited â€Å"Jackie Robinson.† 2010. Biography.com 2010. Web 14 Nov 2010. â€Å"Breaking the Color Line: 1940-1946† memory.loc.gov 2010. Web 13 Nov 2010. Brunner, Borgna, and Elissa Haney. â€Å"Civil Rights Timeline.† Infoplease.com 2007. Web. 13 Nov 2010. Dawson, George, and Richard Glaubman. â€Å"Life Is So Good.† New York; Penguin, 2001. Print. Carroll, Brian. â€Å"Early Twentieth-Century Heroes: Coverage of Negro League Baseball in the Pittsburgh Courier and the Chicago Defender.† Journalism History 32.1(2006): 34-43. Web. 14 Nov 2010. Mackenzie, Dewitt. â€Å"Branch Rickey picks a player.† The South East Missourian. 14 Apr, 1947. Web. 29 Nov, 2010.

Trinidad and Tobago and Monthly Production Target

Exercise: Chapter 1 Assignment 1 Application 14 Refer to figure 1. 4 on page 12 of your text. Use this figure to rate each of the following scenarios. Record beside each scenario your choice (a, b, c, d) and explain fully your choice. High in effectiveness and high in efficiency high in effectiveness and low in efficiency low in effectiveness and high in efficiency low in effectiveness and low in efficiencyScenario #1 : The Production Manager of Mom's Cookies had a monthly production target of 100,000 bags of cookies. His target for quality inspectors is to have the reject rate less than 2% of production. Both these targets were met for August. Labor costs are up 5% because overtime had to be incurred to complete some orders,Both goals were met but unfortunately labor costs went up. Scenario #2: The reject rate for Mom's Cookies was 8% this month. The normal target is less than 2%.The problem was traced too poorly maintained oven which burnt a number of batches before the problem was rectified. Addition costs were incurred to fix the equipment problem as well as extra costs associated with the Ingredients to make the replacement batches. The company however did make their monthly target of 100,000 bags of cookies. B,The company wasted resources but however they did reach their monthly goals which was 100,000 bag of cookies. Scenario #3: The month end reports for Mom's Cookies have Just been received by the ProductionManager. They show that during the month of September, the company product 101 ,050 bags of cookies. The reject rate was 1%. Labor and raw materials were within budgeted levels. No breakdown of equipment occurred. A,Goals were achieved no breakdown of the equipment,no wasted resources and high productivity. Scenario #4: to be hired. There was not enough time to train these people and projection levels suffered. Only 95,080 bags of cookies were produced this month. The reject rate was 1. 9%.Labor and raw materials were within budgeted levels. C,There was no wasted products but goals were not achieved. Scenario #5: Mom's cookies imports their chocolate chips from Trinidad and Tobago. Unfortunately their dollar has increased in value against the Canadian dollar which has driven up chocolate costs by 10%. In addition, gas prices have gone up and the company uses gas ovens and gas heating. This has added another 5% to the company's expenses. The reject rate was 1. 8% and the company produced 100,200 bags of cookies.

Horror in Frankenstein Essay

There are many forms of tension and horror in this novel. There is a monster, there’s grave robbing, the whole story is against religion and it is warning the reader that trying to play God can only have bad consequences. The novel is controversial in its content and it focuses on people’s prejudice and discrimination together with how people judge others too readily. Another thing that could have been scary for the readers at the time is the idea of electricity bringing life. Since electricity was a reasonably new thing, the concept of this new, weird technology described in the book could have been seen as horrific. Also, the atmosphere was a big part of the horror and tension, pathetic fallacy was used when Dr Frankenstein was creating his monster â€Å"It was already one in the morning; the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out,† It was strange, at the time of the novel being published, for a woman to write a book quite as horrific as Frankenstein. There were many things which could have influenced Mary Shelley in writing a book of this sort, myths, religion, other novels. She could have been influenced by the legends of the poles when creating Robert Walton’s character. She was most likely to have been influenced by scientific research and advances at the time such as discovering electricity. She could have been trying to get people to understand that this type or research and messing around with life and death were wrong. Lastly I think she also had literary influences and I believe that Mary Shelley wanted the novel to be romantic in a way. Mary Shelley creates a lot of tension in the novel, this all starts in letter four from Robert Walton to his sister. She does this very effectively the whole way through the letter, the first line shows this, â€Å"So strange an accident has happened to us that I cannot forbear recording it†¦ † it then takes Walton quite a while to get to the point of explaining the â€Å"accident†, this creates a lot of tension. The whole story about Victor Frankenstein and the events in the letter four are told slowly and gradually adding to the sense of tension, mystery and intrigue for the reader. This effect is carried on throughout the whole novel which is, I think, one of the main reasons for the novel being so well known and enjoyed. There are quite a few causes of tension in letter four, another example is when Walton’s ship was surrounded by ice, which closed it in’ â€Å"scarcely leaving her the sea-room in which she floated. † This creates tension by giving the impression of them being trapped in a dangerous environment. After this, the spotting of the creature creates tension, â€Å"we perceived a low carriage†¦ a being which had the shape of a man, but apparently of gigantic stature, sat in the sledge. † The fact that this is a creature unlike a normal person adds to the tension. Also as the crew and Walton thought that they were alone, being away from civilization, trapped on a boat with a strange creature nearby creates fear as there would be no help at hand if needed. The next thing that created tension was having Dr Frankenstein on board; he was quite a strange person and did not appear normal. When he was found he asked Walton where he was going before he boarded. This, under the circumstances, is a weird question to ask. Walton wrote, â€Å"You may conceive my astonishment on hearing such a question†¦ from a man on the brink of destruction. â€Å"

Free Essays on Implausibility Of Gennaro

Implausibility of Gennaro’s 1st Objection to the argument of Dualism Gennaro makes a few major mistakes in an argument set forth in his book. This argument is supposed to somehow show an objection that dualism cannot exist according to Rene Descates’ argument for Dualism based on introspection. Gennaro sets before us an objection that the use of â€Å"mental terms† such as â€Å"believes†, â€Å"knows†, etc. can violate Lievin’s Law. While it may still be plausible to somehow violate Lieviz’s Law using these terms, it will have to be through a means other than the argument set forth in his book. I do not attempt to argue the concept to be completely false here, but rather to refute this particular argument. To simplify Gennaro’s argument, it procedes as such: 1. Jane knows no chemistry. 2. Jane knows what water is. 3. There is a pool of water in front of Jane. 4. Jane knows her pool is filled with water. 5. Therefore, water has a property which H2O does not. 6. Therefore, Water is not H2O. This argument seems rather straight forward proof of the invalidity of knowledge statements as a violation of Leiviz’s Law. However, there are a few problems with this proof. First and foremost, materialists often argue on the basis of scientific fact. Let us regard scientific fact in this particular instance. Scientifically, pure water is H2O. There is no scientific discrimination between the two substances. Water is simply the common name for H2O. Simply because an individual does not possess knowledge of the scientific name for a substance is not automatically grounds for a violation of Lieviz’s Law. This violates the first premise. The argument is based on the lack of Jane’s knowledge about the chemical (scientific) makeup of water. However, there is nothing to prevent Jane from eventually gaining this knowledge. This argument would have one believe that at the current time, x, water does not equal H2... Free Essays on Implausibility Of Gennaro Free Essays on Implausibility Of Gennaro Implausibility of Gennaro’s 1st Objection to the argument of Dualism Gennaro makes a few major mistakes in an argument set forth in his book. This argument is supposed to somehow show an objection that dualism cannot exist according to Rene Descates’ argument for Dualism based on introspection. Gennaro sets before us an objection that the use of â€Å"mental terms† such as â€Å"believes†, â€Å"knows†, etc. can violate Lievin’s Law. While it may still be plausible to somehow violate Lieviz’s Law using these terms, it will have to be through a means other than the argument set forth in his book. I do not attempt to argue the concept to be completely false here, but rather to refute this particular argument. To simplify Gennaro’s argument, it procedes as such: 1. Jane knows no chemistry. 2. Jane knows what water is. 3. There is a pool of water in front of Jane. 4. Jane knows her pool is filled with water. 5. Therefore, water has a property which H2O does not. 6. Therefore, Water is not H2O. This argument seems rather straight forward proof of the invalidity of knowledge statements as a violation of Leiviz’s Law. However, there are a few problems with this proof. First and foremost, materialists often argue on the basis of scientific fact. Let us regard scientific fact in this particular instance. Scientifically, pure water is H2O. There is no scientific discrimination between the two substances. Water is simply the common name for H2O. Simply because an individual does not possess knowledge of the scientific name for a substance is not automatically grounds for a violation of Lieviz’s Law. This violates the first premise. The argument is based on the lack of Jane’s knowledge about the chemical (scientific) makeup of water. However, there is nothing to prevent Jane from eventually gaining this knowledge. This argument would have one believe that at the current time, x, water does not equal H2...

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Essays

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Essays Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Essay Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Essay In many states. Teachers’ Days ( or Teachers Day ) are intended to be particular yearss for the grasp of instructors. and may include jubilations to honor them for their particular parts in a peculiar field country. or the community in general. The day of the month on which Teachers’ twenty-four hours is celebrated varies from state to state. Teachers’ yearss are distinguishable from World Teachers’ Day which is officially celebrate* A good instructor is like a candle – it consumes itself to illume the manner for others. –Author Unknown * Teaching is non a lost art. but the respect for it is a lost tradition. -Jacques Barzun * Good instructors are dearly-won. but bad instructors cost more. –Bob Talbert * The true instructor defends his students against his ain personal influence. He inspires self-distrust. He guides their eyes from himself to the spirit that quickens him. He will hold no adherent. –Amos Bronson Alcott * Teaching is go forthing a trace of one ego in the development of another. And certainly the pupil is a bank where you can lodge your most cherished hoarded wealths. –Eugene P. Bertin * The mediocre instructor Tells. The good instructor explains. The superior instructor demonstrates. The great instructor inspires. –William Arthur Ward * A teacher’s intent is non to make pupils in his ain image. but to develop pupils who can make their ain image. –Author Unknown * What the instructor is. is more of import than what he teaches. –Karl Menningervv * The dream begins with a instructor who believes in you. who tugs and pushes and leads you to the following tableland. sometimes jabing you with a crisp stick called truth. –Dan Rather * In learning you can non see the fruit of a day’s work. It is unseeable and remains so. possibly for 20 old ages. –Jacques Barzun * Teaching is the profession that teaches all the other professions. –Author Unknown * The best instructors teach from the bosom. non from the book. –Author Unknown * A instructor affects infinity ; he can neer state where his influence Michigans. –Henry Brooks Adams * Teachers. I believe. are the most responsible and of import members of society because their professional attempts affect the destiny of the Earth. –Helen Caldicott. writer and peace activistd across the universe on October 5. [ 1 ] Better than a 1000 yearss of diligent survey is one twenty-four hours with a great instructor. –Japanese adage * The whole art of instruction is merely the art of rousing the natural wonder of immature heads for the intent of fulfilling it afterwards. –Anatole France * Those who educate kids good are more to be honored than parents. for these merely gave life. those the art of life well. –Aristotle * A gifted instructor is every bit rare as a talented physician. and makes far less money –Author unknown September 5th is celebrated as Teachers’ twenty-four hours in India. Ex-president of India Mr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan’s birth twenty-four hours ( 1888-1975 ) is celebrated as Teachers’day. He was a philosopher and solon. He was the chief to interapret of India’s philosophical and spiritual traditions to west. He was frailty president from 1952-1962 and president from 1962-1967. He was born in Tiruttani. so in Andhra pradesh. now in Tamil Nadu. He was the first embassador to the Soviet Union from 1949-1952. He was really instuemental in Indian political relations instantly after the decease of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964. He was in learning before come ining in to political relations. That is why the Teachers’day is celebrated. Best instructors are awarded on this twenty-four hours. On Teacher’s twenty-four hours. pupils across India frock up as their instructors and take talks in categories that are assigned to the instructors they represent. Sometimes. instructors sit in their categories as pupils. seeking to live over the clip when they. themselves. were pupils. Besides. maps are organized in schools on the particular twenty-four hours. where pupils present dance public presentations. play. and assorted other plans to entertain their instructors. This twenty-four hours provides for a healthy interaction between instructors and pupils every bit good. Teacher’s Day is a testimonial to the difficult work and devotedness of the instructors all twelvemonth long. to educate a kid. In India. teacher’s twenty-four hours is celebrated on 5th of September every twelvemonth. Indian Teacher’s Day is dedicated to Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. who was a avid advocator of instruction and one of the greatest bookmans and instructors of all times. apart from being the first Vice President and the 2nd President of India. As a grade of regard to this phenomenal instructor. his birthday came to be observed as Teacher’s Day in the state. A good instructor is like a taper. it consumes itself to illume the manner for others. Teachers’ Day is a national map. celebrated merely in India. It is held on September 5th of every twelvemonth which is besides the birthday of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. one of Our former Presidents. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was an ideal instructor. It was decided to observe his birthday as Teachers’ Day to honor that baronial profession. The chief thought is to pull the attending of the society towards this profession. No other profession. either medical or legal. hold a twenty-four hours meant to observe and honor the best among them. It is a alone honor awarded to the learning profession in our state. On that twenty-four hours about a 100 instructors selected from primary. upper primary and secondary schools. oriental schools and colleges are invited by the President of India and honoured by giving a certification of acknowledgment along with some hard currency award. The award given by the President is called the National Award for Teachers. which is a great honor to the low instructors. Choice for these awards is made on the footing of many considerations-teachers’ personal character and behavior. his professional competency. his sociableness. the consequences he produced. the part he made to the profession as a author. and as a research worker in instruction. . the popularity he enjoys in public. his attempts to eliminate illiteracy. public support he got to construct substructure for his establishment etc. The portion he plays in extracurricular activities is besides taken into history. So it is non easy to acquire a national award. Merely ideal and worthy instructors can acquire it. Besides National awards. State awards and awards by National Foundation for Teachers are besides given. In some territories. territory degree awards are besides given to promote ideal instructors. Giving an award is a good inducement. Of late the awards given by authorities have become mechanical. The original thought of affecting the society at big. to recognize this baronial profession is losing. Many maps are being arranged by instructors to honor their fellow instructors. The parents are non demoing the expected involvement. It was true that a instructor enjoyed a topographic point of honor after the female parent and male parent and was merely following to them. in our ancient society. Many alterations have taken topographic point. A instructor is no longer a selfless Guru. He is a paid employee. merely like any other worker in an office or mill. With this societal construct. it is hard to anticipate society to honor the instructors. But even now there are instructors who are respected and loved for their altruistic service. immaculate character and indifferent love and fondness they show to all their pupils. All such instructors may non acquire awards. The societal regard they command is itself an award. As Dr. S. Radhakrishnan had himself said. instruction is its ain wages. The satisfaction it gives the instructor is non comparable. A good instructor is ever remembered by the pupil wherever he is. Every twelvemonth Teachers’ Day is celebrated all over India on 5th September. It is because Dr. S. Radhakrishnan was born on this twenty-four hours. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan who subsequently became a great authorities very important person. was earlier an outstanding instructor. He taught in India and subsequently in England. He was greatly loved by his students for his scholarship and amiable manners. Teachers’ twenty-four hours is celebrated in our school every twelvemonth. On this twenty-four hours. instructors are given a interruption for their everyday occupation of learning. In their topographic point. the pupils of XII category frock cleverly as instructors and learn the junior categories for about an hr or so. All the pupils take them as existent instructors for that period. A twenty-four hours earlier. the school hall is tastily decorated with colorful threads and bunting. The chief map is held at that place. All the instructors are invited by the pupils through artistic invitation cards as our esteemed invitees and the most of import individuals. A cultural programme particularly prepared for the instructors is held. In this programme. skits. vocals. dances. apery and lampoons are presented by the pupils. The instructors are parodied in a light vena without giving any of them an juncture for being displeased. The pupil representatives in their addresss praise the instructors for the good work they do as nation-builders. We pray for their prosperity and long life. We even offer apologies for any oversights on our portion. Then the instructors are presented beautiful corsages and gifts. which normally create laughter without maliciousness. Last of all the instructors are invited to a light refreshment programme and we get approvals from them which they give liberally in melody with their general nature of love and generousness.

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 15

Economics - Essay Example They have therefore determined other sources of energy, which are pocket and environmentally friendly. Solar power and biomass power are commonly used in most of the households. According to the United Sate federal government, approximately 39% of the energy produced in America go toward the generation of electricity. To this end, generation of electricity in America has contributed to lingering environmental concerns including pollution and degradation. To be precise, electricity in the world is generated through burning oil, coal and natural gas. This natural products produce greenhouse gas including carbon dioxide when they burn. It is plausible to note that the more electricity that the community uses the more we add greenhouse gases to the environment resulting in global warming. According to various researches, these gases may have contributed to warmers environmental conditions in 1999 and in 1938 (Deru & Torcellini,  2007). Other environmental effects in our area are experienced when electricity causes fire, thereby destroying other ecological systems and produce global warming gases, which influence the climate. However, some households utilize e lectricity from renewable resources including geothermal, solar and wind technologies have no negative climatic changes including contaminating the local air. In our home, we use electricity to serve various purposes. It is the main source of energy that provided electric light and in pumping up electronics, including heaters, TV, personal electronic devices, computers, washing machines amid others. Electricity makes life easier and interesting because it helps one to keep things on standby without switching them off like computers, television and microwave. At the industry levels, electricity provides electric power to pump up machines and provide electric lighting (Xintao & Junzi,  2010). Our

Nursing assigment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing assigment - Essay Example Bearing these in mind, the significance of evidence-based practice is highly valuable in proving that health practices are safe for the public and cost-effective. In this paper, barriers and possible resolution of gaps between nursing research and their application are tackled, as well as their utilization through standardized clinical guidelines in relevantly managing smoke cessation in clinical settings. Discrepancies in Evidence-Based Practice Despite the long emergence of concepts in evidenced-based practice in health care sectors, success in fully translating research outcomes into care practices seemed lagging in progress. At large, four main sectors contextually represent the barriers to research employment: â€Å"health-care professional related, organizational-related, research related, and presentation-related† (Chau, Lopez, & Thompson, 2008, p.640). Each division indicates specific areas of clinical problems that probably weaken health professionals in fully respond ing to the positive sides brought about by solid research results. Health-care associated factors may range from personal demographics (educational level, social and economic status), personal characteristics and values, such as knowledge seeking behaviors to further one’s practice. With organizational barriers, these comprise viewpoints of affiliated institutions on its commitment to research adaptation and dissemination, facility maintenance, hierarchical culture and authority for change, administrative support, and lack of opportunities to develop and acquire research resources. As of research-related interference and presentation, types and comprehensiveness of research contents affect professional perceptions, including comparison of previous and present research for results and conflicting thoughts. As such, there is increased tendency to reject research composition and presentation should data fail to meet practical health needs of clinical personnel that research team s aim at satisfying. In more ways, the concerted results of practical nursing barriers create disparities that may unintentionally provide nurses with concrete excuses not to change their old ways. Common among perceived nursing barriers to full research application are said to be generated from organizational, and professionally-related factors. Funk, Tornquist and Champagne (1995, p.397) emphasized â€Å"insufficient authority to (clinical practice) change...and insufficient time to implement new ideas† as primary sources of research to practice discrepancies. The prevailing culture of inflexible organizational structures in most clinical institutions restricts the attitude of change and resource availability in such settings. Elaborately, it also affects sufficiency of time required to search, read, and substantially absorb relevant information from research journals and related materials. To top these off, Cummings, et al. (2007, p.S33) revealed the nature of occupation n urses suffers, where most of the time, exhaustion in both physical and emotional aspects reduce their quality of professional care. There is difficulty, then, to acquire suitable skills in search for relevant studies due